a natural phenomenon. Rare and unique at the beginning of the new year 2019

 a natural phenomenon. Rare and unique at the beginning of the new year 2019

The United Nations World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has warned that there is a 75 to 80 percent chance of El Niño occurring at the beginning of 2019

The El Niño phenomenon, together with the phenomenon of Nina, where the sea surface is exposed to temperatures cooler than normal in the tropical Pacific, is known as the complex weather patterns caused by temperature variations across the Pacific Ocean, creating extreme weather around the world

The El Niño and El Niña phenomena are in conflict with the so-called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. This term describes fluctuations in temperature between the ocean and the atmosphere in the equatorial east

El Nino is a warm stage while Nina or as known as La Nina, is the cold phase

These changes in normal surface temperatures have enormous impacts on weather and climate around the world. This phase usually lasts between 9 and 12 months and can last for years that can last from two to seven years

? What are the causes and effects

El Niño mainly results from the interaction between the surface layers of the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the atmosphere above it, and the water is warmer because the commercial winds of their direction (sustained winds, particularly the lower layers of the atmosphere above very large areas blowing from the sub-tropical highlands towards the tropics) Or become more intense

These changes affect aquatic species and seabirds, as changing temperatures affect plankton and seagrass, so fish and seabirds migrate to other areas or die because there is not enough food to live on

The El Niño phenomenon also creates dramatic changes in weather patterns and can lead to droughts, often extreme patterns of weather in Indonesia, the Philippines and Australia

By contrast, El Niño can bring floods and heavy rains in other areas, and in more severe conditions, the phenomenon can bring hurricanes storms and extremely cold weather

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said the world had a date with the El Niño phenomenon within three months from now, by February 2019. Drought and floods are likely to cause fairly stable areas

The last El Niño ended in 2016, when that year was one of the hottest years ever

2016 is not expected to be as strong as 2016. "The El Niño phenomenon in 2019 is not expected to be close to what was between 2015 and 2016," said Max Dili, director of the WMO Climate Prediction Branch. However, Can still have a significant impact on the patterns of rainfall and temperature in many areas, with significant results on agriculture and food security, water resource management and public health

"El Niño may also merge with long-term climate change to increase global temperatures in 2019